Highlighting advances in planetary science over the past 20 years

[Sky]

Highlighting advances in planetary science over the past 20 years

https://phys.org/news/2023-02-highlight ... years.html

As of December 2021, a total of 252 planetary probes have been launched around the world.

In a new paper published in the journal Space: Science & Technology, Yixin Sun and colleagues review some advances in planetary science made by these missions in the past years.

1. Research advances in terrestrial planets

Mercury

Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and the smallest planet in our solar system in terms of volume and mass. It has a similar internal structure to Earth, with a crust, mantle, and core. The density of Mercury is deduced to be about 5.4 g/cm3. The high density suggests that Mercury consists of a large fraction of metallic elements, such as iron and aluminum. Many ridges and scraps on Mercury indicate that there may have been global contractions in the interior of Mercury. One of the most well-known scraps is Carnegie Rupes.

Above its surface, Mercury holds an extremely thin atmosphere due to its weak gravity and high temperature. Ground-based optical measurements reveal that this atmosphere is composed of sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), oxygen (O), and other elements. Some of these elements show a comet-like spatial distribution. The exosphere contains not only neutral atoms but also many heavy ions, including sodium, oxygen, and magnesium ions.

[xkhan]

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